Both Leonard and Iain are active in the fields of anatomy teaching and research. This course is fully evidence-based; all of the exercises are designed based on research and proven outcomes from studies. Course content has also been reviewed by subject matter experts from around the world. An understanding of 3D and cross-sectional anatomy can be achieved through multimodal observation, as demonstrated by our research.
Backhouse, M., Fitzpatrick, M., Hutchinson, J., Thandi, C.S. and Keenan, I.D. (2017), Improvements in anatomy knowledge when utilizing a novel cyclical “Observe-Reflect-Draw-Edit-Repeat” learning process. American Association of Anatomists, 10: 7-22.
Ben Awadh, A., Clark, J., Clowry, G. and Keenan, I.D. (2022), Multimodal Three-Dimensional Visualization Enhances Novice Learner Interpretation of Basic Cross-Sectional Anatomy. Anat Sci Educ, 15: 127-142.
Border, S., Rea, P.M., Keenan, I.D. & SpringerLink (2023) Biomedical Visualisation Volume 16 – Digital Visualisation in Biomedical Education. 1st ed. 2023.
Branson TM, Shapiro L, Venter RG. Observation of Patients' 3D Printed Anatomical Features and 3D Visualisation Technologies Improve Spatial Awareness for Surgical Planning and in-Theatre Performance. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1334:23-37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-76951-2_2. PMID: 34476743.
Reid, S., Shapiro, L. and Louw, G. (2019), How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy. Anat Sci Educ, 12: 164-172.
Shapiro, L., Bell, K., Dhas, K., Branson, T., Louw, G. and Keenan, I.D. (2020), Focused Multisensory Anatomy Observation and Drawing for Enhancing Social Learning and Three-Dimensional Spatial Understanding. Anat Sci Educ, 13: 488-503.
Shapiro, L., Hobbs, E. & Keenan, I D. (2023). Transforming musculoskeletal anatomy learning with haptic surface painting. Anatomical Sciences Education, 16, 677–693.
Shapiro, L., Rea, P.M. & SpringerLink (2022) Biomedical Visualisation Volume 12 ‒ The Importance of Context in Image-Making. 1st ed. 2022.
Shapiro, L., Rea, P.M. & SpringerLink (2023) Biomedical Visualisation Volume 13 – The Art, Philosophy and Science of Observation and Imaging. 1st ed. 2023.
